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The Wealth of Networks - How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom
Yochai Benkler

Table of Contents

Attribution

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 - Introduction: A Moment of Opportunity and Challenge

THE EMERGENCE OF THE NETWORKED INFORMATION ECONOMY

NETWORKED INFORMATION ECONOMY AND LIBERAL, DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES

Enhanced Autonomy

Democracy: The Networked Public Sphere

Justice and Human Development

A Critical Culture and Networked Social Relations

FOUR METHODOLOGICAL COMMENTS

The Role of Technology in Human Affairs

The Role of Economic Analysis and Methodological Individualism

Economic Structure in Liberal Political Theory

Whither the State?

THE STAKES OF IT ALL: THE BATTLE OVER THE INSTITUTIONAL ECOLOGY OF THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

Part One - The Networked Information Economy

Introduction

Chapter 2 - Some Basic Economics of Information Production and Innovation

THE DIVERSITY OF STRATEGIES IN OUR CURRENT INFORMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM

THE EFFECTS OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS

WHEN INFORMATION PRODUCTION MEETS THE COMPUTER NETWORK

STRONG EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 3 - Peer Production and Sharing

FREE/OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE

PEER PRODUCTION OF INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE, AND CULTURE GENERALLY

Uttering Content

Relevance/Accreditation

Value-Added Distribution

Sharing of Processing, Storage, and Communications Platforms

Chapter 4 - The Economics of Social Production

MOTIVATION

SOCIAL PRODUCTION: FEASIBILITY CONDITIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL FORM

TRANSACTION COSTS AND EFFICIENCY

THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL PRODUCTION IN THE DIGITALLY NETWORKED ENVIRONMENT

THE INTERFACE OF SOCIAL PRODUCTION AND MARKET-BASED BUSINESSES

Part Two - The Political Economy of Property and Commons

Introduction

Chapter 5 - Individual Freedom: Autonomy, Information, and Law

FREEDOM TO DO MORE FOR ONESELF, BY ONESELF, AND WITH OTHERS

AUTONOMY, PROPERTY, AND COMMONS

AUTONOMY AND THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

AUTONOMY, MASS MEDIA, AND NONMARKET INFORMATION PRODUCERS

Chapter 6 - Political Freedom Part 1: The Trouble with Mass Media

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMMUNICATIONS PLATFORM FOR A LIBERAL PUBLIC PLATFORM OR A LIBERAL PUBLIC SPHERE

THE EMERGENCE OF THE COMMERCIAL MASS-MEDIA PLATFORM FOR THE PUBLIC SPHERE

BASIC CRITIQUES OF MASS MEDIA

Mass Media as a Platform for the Public Sphere

Media Concentration: The Power of Ownership and Money

Commercialism, Journalism, and Political Inertness

Chapter 7 - Political Freedom Part 2: Emergence of the Networked Public Sphere

BASIC TOOLS OF NETWORKED COMMUNICATION

NETWORKED INFORMATION ECONOMY MEETS THE PUBLIC SPHERE

CRITIQUES OF THE CLAIMS THAT THE INTERNET HAS DEMOCRATIZING EFFECTS

IS THE INTERNET TOO CHAOTIC, TOO CONCENTRATED, OR NEITHER?

ON POWER LAW DISTRIBUTIONS, NETWORK TOPOLOGY, AND BEING HEARD

WHO WILL PLAY THE WATCHDOG FUNCTION?

USING NETWORKED COMMUNICATION TO WORK AROUND AUTHORITARIAN CONTROL

TOWARD A NETWORKED PUBLIC SPHERE

Chapter 8 - Cultural Freedom: A Culture Both Plastic and Critical

CULTURAL FREEDOM IN LIBERAL POLITICAL THEORY

THE TRANSPARENCY OF INTERNET CULTURE

THE PLASTICITY OF INTERNET CULTURE: THE FUTURE OF HIGH-PRODUCTION-VALUE FOLK CULTURE

A PARTICIPATORY CULTURE: TOWARD POLICY

Chapter 9 - Justice and Development

LIBERAL THEORIES OF JUSTICE AND THE NETWORKED INFORMATION ECONOMY

COMMONS-BASED STRATEGIES FOR HUMAN WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT

INFORMATION-EMBEDDED GOODS AND TOOLS, INFORMATION, AND KNOWLEDGE

INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION OF HDI-RELATED INFORMATION INDUSTRIES

TOWARD ADOPTING COMMONS-BASED STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT

Software

Scientific Publication

COMMONS-BASED RESEARCH FOR FOOD AND MEDICINES

Food Security: Commons-Based Agricultural Innovation

Access to Medicines: Commons-Based Strategies for Biomedical Research

COMMONS-BASED STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT: CONCLUSION

Chapter 10 - Social Ties: Networking Together

FROM “VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES” TO FEAR OF DISINTEGRATION

A MORE POSITIVE PICTURE EMERGES OVER TIME

Users Increase Their Connections with Preexisting Relations

Networked Individuals

THE INTERNET AS A PLATFORM FOR HUMAN CONNECTION

THE EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL SOFTWARE

THE INTERNET AND HUMAN COMMUNITY

Part Three - Policies of Freedom at a Moment of Transformation

Introduction

Chapter 11 - The Battle Over the Institutional Ecology of the Digital Environment

INSTITUTIONAL ECOLOGY AND PATH DEPENDENCE

A FRAMEWORK FOR MAPPING THE INSTITUTIONAL ECOLOGY

THE PHYSICAL LAYER

Transport: Wires and Wireless

Broadband Regulation

Open Wireless networks

Municipal Broadband Initiatives

Devices

THE LOGICAL LAYER

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998

The Battle over Peer-to-Peer Networks

The Domain Name System: From Public Trust to the Fetishism of Mnemonics

The Browser Wars

Free Software

Software Patents

THE CONTENT LAYER

Copyright

Contractual Enclosure: Click-Wrap Licenses and the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA)

Trademark Dilution

Database Protection

Linking and Trespass to Chattels: New Forms of Information Exclusivity

International “Harmonization”

Countervailing Forces

THE PROBLEM OF SECURITY

Chapter 12 - Conclusion: The Stakes of Information Law and Policy

Endnotes

Book Index

Blurb



License: All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ The author has made an online version of the book available under a Creative Commons Noncommercial Sharealike license; it can be accessed through the author's website at https://www.benkler.org.


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